Hydrometer

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Overview
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🔍 Hydrometer

A Hydrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the density or specific gravity of liquids. It works on the principle of buoyancy—the deeper the hydrometer sinks, the lower the liquid’s density.

🧪 Key Features:

Material: Made of clear glass with a sealed bulb at the bottom (may contain lead shot for weight)
Scale: Graduated stem with specific gravity or density readings (usually 0.9 to 1.2 for water-based liquids)
Type Variants:
- Alcohol Hydrometer
- Battery Hydrometer
- Lactometer (for milk)
- Salinometer (for salt solutions)
Size: Typically 15–25 cm in length
Optional: Comes with a glass jar or cylinder for testing

📚 Applications:

Measuring specific gravity of liquids in school/college labs
Used in battery testing, alcohol concentration, milk purity, and industrial fluid testing
Common in CBSE/ICSE/State board chemistry and physics labs
Helps students understand Archimedes’ Principle and density concepts