Unidirectional Current Flow: Allows electric current to pass primarily in one direction, functioning as a rectifier in circuits.
Depletion Region Formation: At the junction of p-type and n-type semiconductors, a depletion region forms, acting as a barrier to charge carrier movement.
Biasing Conditions:
Forward Bias: Connecting the p-type to the positive terminal and n-type to the negative terminal reduces the depletion region, allowing current flow.
Reverse Bias: Connecting the p-type to the negative terminal and n-type to the positive terminal widens the depletion region, inhibiting current flow.
Threshold Voltage: Requires a minimum voltage (approximately 0.7V for silicon diodes) to overcome the potential barrier and conduct in forward bias.
Applications: Utilized in rectifiers, voltage regulators, signal demodulators, and as protection devices against voltage spikes.
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